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QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION


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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

...El creador del sistema de conversion automatico de Etanol a nafta lo desarrollo e implemento la VW de Brasil,y no hay que cambiar una perilla ni accionar botones,hay un sensor en el tanque de combustible que identifica que cantidad de combustible hay de uno y otro y regula la mezcla para el correcto funcionamiento,segun el informe el auto funciona perfecto sin mermas.....

Hace 2 o 3 años vi en el Discovery que GM de Brasil había desarrollao un motor similar (del tipo Flex) y que estaba pensado para el Corsa y no sé que otro modelo. Según los entrevistados (en su mayoría taxistas), le ponían poco menos q pis en el tanque y el auto andaba de maravillas. Contaban los de GM q lo que mas les costó desarrollar fue la computadora para sensar el combustible y el tipo de mezcla q tenía de acuerdo a lo q le cargabas en el tanque. Lo q no recuerdo bien, es si funcionaba con nafta o bio diesel.

Salu2.

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

No estoy totalmente seguro, pero creo que el biodiesel tiene principios distintos al Etanol, daniel

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

Hace 2 o 3 años vi en el Discovery que GM de Brasil había desarrollao un motor similar (del tipo Flex) y que estaba pensado para el Corsa y no sé que otro modelo. Según los entrevistados (en su mayoría taxistas), le ponían poco menos q pis en el tanque y el auto andaba de maravillas. Contaban los de GM q lo que mas les costó desarrollar fue la computadora para sensar el combustible y el tipo de mezcla q tenía de acuerdo a lo q le cargabas en el tanque. Lo q no recuerdo bien, es si funcionaba con nafta o bio diesel.

Salu2.

 

Si Richard cada marca tuvo que desarrollar su propio sistema,el de VW lo hicieron hace unos 15 años maso si no recuerdo mal,cuando le vieron la pata a la sota,las demas automotrices se pusieron las pilas con eso ya que las ventas de autos en Brasil habian caido en forma catastrofica. :ok:

 

 

 

Kalessim,estuve leyendo un poco mas sobre la superficie que cultiva Brasil para su produccion de Etanol y es solo el 1% de sus suelos fertiles,o sea que no arriesgan para nada sus recursos.En EE.UU utilizan el 3,7 de sus suelos fertiles para la produccion de mismo.

Lo que me llamo la atencion es que en una misma cantidad de hectareas en EEUU sacan aprox.3500 a 4000 litros de Etanol y en Brasil en la misma cantidad de hectareas obtienen entre 6000 y 8000 litros.Terrible diferencia.

Ambos son los principales productores mundiales de Etanol. :ok:

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

Hola Ari,

 

Si es verdad lo que decis, Brasil tiene tierras para hacer lo que quiera...y EE.UU tambien..., lo de la diferencia de produccion debe ser porque Brasil ya hace rato que lo viene haciendo y tiene mas perfeccionado el proceso....

 

No estaria nada mal que aca en vez de plantar soja para darle de comer a los chanchos en China hicieran eso o al menos Maiz !!

 

Buena info Ari! :bien:

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

Gente, hoy compre la Autotest de Abril y en la sección de consultorio tecnico a cargo del Prof. Alberto Juarez, hicieron una pregunta interesante que me parece aporta al post. Adjunto la misma.

 

escanear0001dh.jpg

 

Abrazo de Gol :chau:

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

ALE1962, sabes lo que pasa (no tengo ganas de discutir con vos ni con nadie) por supuesto que hay combustibles alternativos a las naftas, eso nadie lo discute, pero el GNC ya fue descartado hace rato por las automotrices como combustible alternativo, no prospero.

Ahora si vos queres hacer andar tu auto con agua, vino, etc, adelante te felicito.

 

Otra cosa, te aclaro que Renault tiene su casa matriz en Francia, vos compras autos con diseño y respaldo Frances (no siempre).

 

Ahora, Bugatti, Tomasetto a donde tiene su casa matriz, quien lo respalda ???? se realista ALE1962 son nombres 100% comerciales, que de italiano tienen las ganas nomas. Saludos

 

 

Gus, no te preocupes no planteo una discusión sino un aporte de información para los que no conocen del tema.

Te diré que coincido en parte con tu opinión sobre las marcas con nombres cuasiitalianas, solo quería aclarar que los italianos (en este caso) verdaderamente desarrollaron equipos para el uso del gnc y el glp, hace varias decadas y sí lo usaron (¿usan?) en sus autos.

Obiamente te hablo de la parte técnica de los equipos no de los nombres comerciales (que desconozco), en eso de los origenes de los equipos que se venden acá no conozco si existen afuera del pais ó son permisos de patentes ó son todos origen y desarrollo argentinos.

 

Agrego info de wikipedia como ampliación.

 

Europe

The use of methane (CNG) for vehicles in Italy started in the 1930s and has continued off and on until today. Since 2008 there have been a large market expansion for natural gas vehicles (CNG and LPG) caused by the rise of gasoline prices and by the need to reduce air pollution emissions.[citation needed]

 

Before 1995 the only way to have a CNG-powered car was by having the retrofitted with an after-market kit. A large producer was Landi Renzo, Tartarini Auto, Prins Autogassystemen, OMVL, BiGAs,... and AeB for electronic parts used by the most part of kit producer.

 

Landi Renzo and Tartarini have divisions selling vehicles in Asia and South America.

 

After 1995 bi-fuel cars (gasoline/CNG) became available from several major manufacturers. Currently Fiat, Opel, Volkswagen, Citroen, Renault, Volvo and Mercedes sell various car models and small trucks that are gasoline/CNG powered. Usually CNG parts used by major car manufacturers are actually produced by automotive aftermarket kit manufacturers, e.g. Fiat use Tartarini Auto components, Volkswagen use Teleflex GFI[25] and Landi Renzo components.

 

In Italy, there are more than 800 CNG stations.[26] In Germany, CNG-generated vehicles are expected to increase to two million units of motor-transport by the year 2020. The cost for CNG fuel is between 1/3 and 1/2 compared to other fossil fuels in Europe.[citation needed] in 2008 there are around 800 gas(CNG) stations in Germany

 

In Portugal there are 4 CNG refueling stations but 3 of them do not sell to the public. Only in Braga you can find it on the local city bus station (TUB).

 

In Bulgaria, there are 82 CNG refuelling stations as of June 2010. One can be found in most of Bulgaria's big towns [27] - there are quite a few in Sofia, Plovdiv and Stara Zagora, as well as in the cities on the Black Sea - Varna, Burgas, Nessebar and Kavarna. CNG vehicles are becoming more and more popular in the country. The fuel is used by most taxi drivers because of its much lower price compared to petrol. It is useful to know that CNG stations in Bulgaria operate with the Italian standard nozzle typical for Eastern Europe and not with the NGV1 nozzle used in Germany, Austria, France, Belgium and other European countries.

 

In Republic of Macedonia, there is one CNG station located in the capital Skopje, but it is not for public use. Only twenty buses of the local Public Transport Company have been fitted to use a mixture of diesel and CNG. The first commercial CNG station in Skopje is in the advanced stage of development and is expected to start operation in July of 2011.

 

In Serbia, there are 4 public CNG refuelling station in the capital Beograd and near the towns of Pan?evo, Kruševac and ?a?ak. Italian standard nozzle is used in all of them.

 

In Croatia, there is only one CNG station situated close to the center of Zagreb, Italian-type refuelling nozzle is used there as well.[28] At least 60 CNG buses are in use as a form of a public transport (Zagreb public transport services).

 

In Sweden there are currently 90 CNG filling stations available to the public (as compared to about 10 LPG filling stations), primarily located in the southern and western parts of the country as well the Mälardalen region[29] Another 70-80 CNG filling stations are under construction or in a late stage of planning (completions 2009-2010). Several of the planned filling stations are located in the northern parts of the country, which will greatly improve the infrastructure for CNG car users.[30] There are approx. 14,500 CNG vehicles in Sweden (2007), of which approx. 13,500 are passenger cars and the remainder includes buses and trucks.[31] In Stockholm, the public transportation company SL currently operates 50 CNG buses but have a capacity to operate 500.[32] The Swedish government recently prolonged its subsidies for the development of CNG filling stations, from 2009-12-31 to 2010-12-31.[33] In Spain the EMT Madrid bus service use CNG motors in 351 regular buses. Is rare to see another kind of CNG vehicle, and there's no CNG refueling stations.

 

As of 2010, there are 25 public CNG filling stations in the Czech republic, mainly in the big cities.[34] Local bus manufacturers SOR Libchavy and Tedom produce CNG versions of their vehicles, with roof-mounted tanks.

 

[edit] North America

 

The Honda Civic GX is factory-built to run on CNG and it is available in several U.S. regional markets.

Buses powered with CNG are common in the United States.[edit] Canada

Canada is a large producer of natural gas, so it follows that CNG is used in Canada as an economical motor fuel. Canadian industry has developed CNG-fueled truck and bus engines, CNG-fueled transit buses, and light trucks and taxis. Both CNG and propane refueling stations are not difficult to find in major centres.

 

[edit] United States of America

In the US, federal tax credits are available for buying a new CNG vehicle. Use of CNG varies from state to state, only 34 states have at least one CNG fueling site.[35] In California, CNG is used extensively in local city and county fleets, as well as public transportation (city/school buses), and there are 90 public fueling stations in Southern California alone. Compressed natural gas is available at 30-60% less than the cost of gasoline, as a rule of thumb, in much of California. Personal use of CNG is a small niche market currently, though with current tax incentives and a growing number of public fueling stations available, it is experiencing unprecedented growth. The state of Utah offers a subsidised statewide network of CNG filling stations at a rate of $0.85/gge,[36] while gasoline is above $4.00/gal. Elsewhere in the nation, retail prices average around $2.50/gge, with home refueling units compressing gas from residential gas lines for approx $1.50/gge. Other than aftermarket conversions, and government used vehicle auctions, the only currently produced CNG vehicle in the US is the Honda Civic GX sedan, which is made in limited numbers and available only in a few states.

 

An initiative, known as Pickens Plan, calls for the expansion of the use of CNG as a standard fuel for heavy vehicles has been recently started by oilman and entrepreneur T. Boone Pickens. California voters defeated Proposition 10 in the 2008 General Election by a significant (59.8% to 40.2%) margin. Proposition 10 was a $5 Billion bond measure that, among other things, would have given rebates to state residents that purchase CNG vehicles.

 

Congress has encouraged conversion of cars to CNG with a tax credits of up to 50% of the auto conversion cost and the CNG home filling station cost. However, while CNG is much cleaner fuel, the conversion requires a type certificate from the EPA. Meeting the requirements of a type certificate can cost up to $50,000.

 

 

Saludos cordiales ale :chau:

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

Bueno, como tengo ganas de armar quilombo tiro una bomba... como el GNC es para las cocinas, el agua es pa´el mate!

 

Abrazo!!!

 

PD: es joda he... por las dudas aclaramos.

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

Disculpen antes no tube tiempo de traducir,( igual no se tanto de ingles), asi que espero que se entiendan los conceptos de la información.

 

Saludos cordiales ale :chau:

 

 

Agrego info de wikipedia como ampliación.

 

Europe

Europa

 

The use of methane (CNG) for vehicles in Italy started in the 1930s and has continued off and on until today. Since 2008 there have been a large market expansion for natural gas vehicles (CNG and LPG) caused by the rise of gasoline prices and by the need to reduce air pollution emissions.

 

El uso de GNC (gas metano) para vehículos en Italia comenzó en los años 30 (1930), y ha continuado de vez en cuando hasta el día de hoy. Desde 2008 allí ha tenido un gran Mercado de expansión para vehículos alimentados a gas natural, (CNG=compressed natural gas = GNC ; y LPG = liquefied petroleum gas,= GLP ), causado por el aumento del precio de la nafta y la necesidad de reducir las emisiones contaminantes al aire.

 

Before 1995 the only way to have a CNG-powered car was by having the retrofitted with an after-market kit. A large producer was Landi Renzo, Tartarini Auto, Prins Autogassystemen, OMVL, BiGAs,... and AeB for electronic parts used by the most part of kit producer.

Landi Renzo and Tartarini have divisions selling vehicles in Asia and South America.

 

Antes de 1995 la única forma de tener un auto alimentado con gnc era mediante la conversión con un kit fuera de fábrica.Un gran productor fue Landi Renzo,Tartarini Auto, Prins Autogassystemen, OMVL, BiGAs,... y AeB para partes electrónicas usadas porla mayoría de los de los fabricantes de kits.

Landi renzo y Tartarini tienen divisiones de ventas para vehículos en Asia y Sud America.

 

 

After 1995 bi-fuel cars (gasoline/CNG) became available from several major manufacturers. Currently Fiat, Opel, Volkswagen, Citroen, Renault, Volvo and Mercedes sell various car models and small trucks that are gasoline/CNG powered. Usually CNG parts used by major car manufacturers are actually produced by automotive aftermarket kit manufacturers, e.g. Fiat use Tartarini Auto components, Volkswagen use Teleflex GFI[25] and Landi Renzo components.

 

Luego de 1995 autos bi combustible (nafta/GNC) estuvieron disponibles desde los mayores fabricantes. Actualmente Fiat, Opel, Volkswagen, Citroen, Renault, Volvo y Mercedes venden varios modelos de autos y pequeñas camionetas que son alimentadas (potenciadas, energizadas),por nafta/GNC.

Usualmente las partes usadas para GNC por los principales fabricantes de autos son producidas por fabricantes de kit fuera de fábrica, por ejemplo, Fiat usa componentes de Auto Tartarini, VW usa componentes Teleflex GFI y Landi Renzo.

 

 

In Italy, there are more than 800 CNG stations.[26] In Germany, CNG-generated vehicles are expected to increase to two million units of motor-transport by the year 2020. The cost for CNG fuel is between 1/3 and 1/2 compared to other fossil fuels in Europe.[citation needed] in 2008 there are around 800 gas(CNG) stations in Germany.

 

En Italia, existen más de 800 estaciones de GNC. En Alemania, se espera que los vehículos alimentados a GNC se incrementen hasta dos millones de unidades de (¿motor transport?) para el año 2020.

 

 

In Portugal there are 4 CNG refueling stations but 3 of them do not sell to the public. Only in Braga you can find it on the local city bus station (TUB).

 

En Portugal existen 4 estaciones de recarga, pero 3 de ellas no venden al público.

Solo en la ciudad de Braga usted puede encontrarlo en la estación del colectivo local, (TUB).

 

 

In Bulgaria, there are 82 CNG refuelling stations as of June 2010. One can be found in most of Bulgaria's big towns [27] - there are quite a few in Sofia, Plovdiv and Stara Zagora, as well as in the cities on the Black Sea - Varna, Burgas, Nessebar and Kavarna. CNG vehicles are becoming more and more popular in the country. The fuel is used by most taxi drivers because of its much lower price compared to petrol. It is useful to know that CNG stations in Bulgaria operate with the Italian standard nozzle typical for Eastern Europe and not with the NGV1 nozzle used in Germany, Austria, France, Belgium and other European countries.

 

En Bulgaria, existen 82 estaciones de recarga de GNC a junio del 2010. Estas puede ser encontrada en la mayoría de las grandes ciudades (27), existen algunas en Sofía, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, tanbien en las ciudades sobre el mar Negro: Varna, Burgas, Nessebar y Kavarna. Los vehículos con GNC se están haciendo más y más populares en el país.

Este combustible es usado por la mayoría de los taxistas, debido a su precio má bajo comparado con la nafta. Es útil conocer que las estaciones de GNC en Bulgaria operan con los típicos picos estandar italianos para Europa de este y no con el pico NGV1 usado en Alemania, Austria, Francia, Belgica y otros paises europeos.

 

 

 

In Republic of Macedonia, there is one CNG station located in the capital Skopje, but it is not for public use. Only twenty buses of the local Public Transport Company have been fitted to use a mixture of diesel and CNG. The first commercial CNG station in Skopje is in the advanced stage of development and is expected to start operation in July of 2011.

 

 

In Serbia, there are 4 public CNG refuelling station in the capital Beograd and near the towns of Pan?evo, Kruševac and ?a?ak. Italian standard nozzle is used in all of them.

 

In Croatia, there is only one CNG station situated close to the center of Zagreb, Italian-type refuelling nozzle is used there as well.[28] At least 60 CNG buses are in use as a form of a public transport (Zagreb public transport services).

 

In Sweden there are currently 90 CNG filling stations available to the public (as compared to about 10 LPG filling stations), primarily located in the southern and western parts of the country as well the Mälardalen region[29] Another 70-80 CNG filling stations are under construction or in a late stage of planning (completions 2009-2010). Several of the planned filling stations are located in the northern parts of the country, which will greatly improve the infrastructure for CNG car users.[30] There are approx. 14,500 CNG vehicles in Sweden (2007), of which approx. 13,500 are passenger cars and the remainder includes buses and trucks.[31] In Stockholm, the public transportation company SL currently operates 50 CNG buses but have a capacity to operate 500.[32] The Swedish government recently prolonged its subsidies for the development of CNG filling stations, from 2009-12-31 to 2010-12-31.[33]

 

 

En Suecia existen actualmente 90 estaciones de llenado disponibles para el público,( comparadas con cerca de 10 estaciones de llenado de GLP), principalmente ubicadas en la parte sur y oeste del país. Otras 70-80 estaciones de recarga están en construcción o en el último estadio de planificación (terminandose en 2009-2010). Algunas de las estaciones planeadas están localizadas en la parte norte del país, lo cual puede mejorar la infraestructura para el usuario del GNC.

Existen aprox.14.500 usuarios de GNC en suecia(2007) de los cuales aprox. 13.500 son autos de pasajeros y los restantes incluyen colectivos y camiones.

En Estocolmo la compania de transporte público SL actualmente opera 50 colectivos a GNC, pero tiene la capacidad para operar con 500.

El gobierno sueco prolongo los subsidios para el desarrollo de estaciones de llenado de GNC, desde el 31-12-2009 hasta el 31-12-2010.

 

 

 

In Spain the EMT Madrid bus service use CNG motors in 351 regular buses. Is rare to see another kind of CNG vehicle, and there's no CNG refueling stations.

 

En España el servicio de colectivo EMT Madrid, usa motores a GNC en 351 colectivos regulares. Es raro ver otro tipo de vehículo a GNC, y no existen estaciones de recarga de GNC.

 

 

As of 2010, there are 25 public CNG filling stations in the Czech republic, mainly in the big cities.[34] Local bus manufacturers SOR Libchavy and Tedom produce CNG versions of their vehicles, with roof-mounted tanks.

 

[edit] North America

 

America del Norte

 

The Honda Civic GX is factory-built to run on CNG and it is available in several U.S. regional markets.

Buses powered with CNG are common in the United States.[edit] Canada

Canada is a large producer of natural gas, so it follows that CNG is used in Canada as an economical motor fuel. Canadian industry has developed CNG-fueled truck and bus engines, CNG-fueled transit buses, and light trucks and taxis. Both CNG and propane refueling stations are not difficult to find in major centres.

 

El Honda Civic GX sale de fábrica para funcinar con GNC y éste está disponible en algunos mercados regionales de USA.

Colectivos alimentados a GNC son comunes en USA.

Canada es un gran productor de gas natural, entonces el GNC es utilizado como un combustible económico para motor. La industria canadiense ha desarrollado motores de colectivo y camiones a GNC, tambien motores para camionetas y taxis.

Estaciones de recarga para ambos GNC y propano (LPG), se encuentra sin dificultad en los centros principales.

 

 

the cost of gasoline, as a rule of thumb, in much of California. Personal use of CNG is a small [edit]

United States of America

In the US, federal tax credits are available for buying a new CNG vehicle. Use of CNG varies from state to state, only 34 states have at least one CNG fueling site.[35] In California, CNG is used extensively in local city and county fleets, as well as public transportation (city/school buses), and there are 90 public fueling stations in Southern California alone. Compressed natural gas is available at 30-60% less than niche market currently, though with current tax incentives and a growing number of public fueling stations available, it is experiencing unprecedented growth. The state of Utah offers a subsidised statewide network of CNG filling stations at a rate of $0.85/gge,[36] while gasoline is above $4.00/gal. Elsewhere in the nation, retail prices average around $2.50/gge, with home refueling units compressing gas from residential gas lines for approx $1.50/gge. Other than aftermarket conversions, and government used vehicle auctions, the only currently produced CNG vehicle in the US is the Honda Civic GX sedan, which is made in limited numbers and available only in a few states.

 

An initiative, known as Pickens Plan, calls for the expansion of the use of CNG as a standard fuel for heavy vehicles has been recently started by oilman and entrepreneur T. Boone Pickens. California voters defeated Proposition 10 in the 2008 General Election by a significant (59.8% to 40.2%) margin. Proposition 10 was a $5 Billion bond measure that, among other things, would have given rebates to state residents that purchase CNG vehicles.

 

Congress has encouraged conversion of cars to CNG with a tax credits of up to 50% of the auto conversion cost and the CNG home filling station cost. However, while CNG is much cleaner fuel, the conversion requires a type certificate from the EPA. Meeting the requirements of a type certificate can cost up to $50,000.

 

 

En USA están disponibles créditos para la comprar un vehículo nuevo a GNC. El uso del GNC varía de estado a estado, solo 34 estados tienen por lo menos una lugar (sitio) de recarga. En California, el GNC es usado extensivamente enla flota local del estado, como tambien en en tranporte público,( cuidad colectivos escolares), y existen 90 estacione de recarga para el público en el sur de California solamente.

El GNC está disponible a 30-60% menos que el precio de la nafta, en la mayoría de California.

El uso personal del GNC es un pequeño nicho en el mercado actual, pero con los incentivos de impuestos y un creciente número de estaciones de recarga públicas disponibles, se está experimentando un crecimiento sin precedente.

Además de la conversión por kit fuera de fabrica y los vehículos usados que vende el gobierno, el único vehiculo de fábrica para GNC es el Honda Civic GX sedan, el cual está fabricado en cantidades limitadas y disponible solo en unos pocos estados.

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Re: QUE OPINAN DEL SISTEMA DE HIDROINYECCION

 

Disculpen antes no tube tiempo de traducir,( igual no se tanto de ingles), asi que espero que se entiendan los conceptos de la información.

 

Saludos cordiales ale :chau:

 

 

Agrego info de wikipedia como ampliación.

 

Europe

Europa

 

The use of methane (CNG) for vehicles in Italy started in the 1930s and has continued off and on until today. Since 2008 there have been a large market expansion for natural gas vehicles (CNG and LPG) caused by the rise of gasoline prices and by the need to reduce air pollution emissions.

 

El uso de GNC (gas metano) para vehículos en Italia comenzó en los años 30 (1930), y ha continuado de vez en cuando hasta el día de hoy. Desde 2008 allí ha tenido un gran Mercado de expansión para vehículos alimentados a gas natural, (CNG=compressed natural gas = GNC ; y LPG = liquefied petroleum gas,= GLP ), causado por el aumento del precio de la nafta y la necesidad de reducir las emisiones contaminantes al aire.

 

Before 1995 the only way to have a CNG-powered car was by having the retrofitted with an after-market kit. A large producer was Landi Renzo, Tartarini Auto, Prins Autogassystemen, OMVL, BiGAs,... and AeB for electronic parts used by the most part of kit producer.

Landi Renzo and Tartarini have divisions selling vehicles in Asia and South America.

 

Antes de 1995 la única forma de tener un auto alimentado con gnc era mediante la conversión con un kit fuera de fábrica.Un gran productor fue Landi Renzo,Tartarini Auto, Prins Autogassystemen, OMVL, BiGAs,... y AeB para partes electrónicas usadas porla mayoría de los de los fabricantes de kits.

Landi renzo y Tartarini tienen divisiones de ventas para vehículos en Asia y Sud America.

 

 

After 1995 bi-fuel cars (gasoline/CNG) became available from several major manufacturers. Currently Fiat, Opel, Volkswagen, Citroen, Renault, Volvo and Mercedes sell various car models and small trucks that are gasoline/CNG powered. Usually CNG parts used by major car manufacturers are actually produced by automotive aftermarket kit manufacturers, e.g. Fiat use Tartarini Auto components, Volkswagen use Teleflex GFI[25] and Landi Renzo components.

 

Luego de 1995 autos bi combustible (nafta/GNC) estuvieron disponibles desde los mayores fabricantes. Actualmente Fiat, Opel, Volkswagen, Citroen, Renault, Volvo y Mercedes venden varios modelos de autos y pequeñas camionetas que son alimentadas (potenciadas, energizadas),por nafta/GNC.

Usualmente las partes usadas para GNC por los principales fabricantes de autos son producidas por fabricantes de kit fuera de fábrica, por ejemplo, Fiat usa componentes de Auto Tartarini, VW usa componentes Teleflex GFI y Landi Renzo.

 

 

In Italy, there are more than 800 CNG stations.[26] In Germany, CNG-generated vehicles are expected to increase to two million units of motor-transport by the year 2020. The cost for CNG fuel is between 1/3 and 1/2 compared to other fossil fuels in Europe.[citation needed] in 2008 there are around 800 gas(CNG) stations in Germany.

 

En Italia, existen más de 800 estaciones de GNC. En Alemania, se espera que los vehículos alimentados a GNC se incrementen hasta dos millones de unidades de (¿motor transport?) para el año 2020.

 

 

In Portugal there are 4 CNG refueling stations but 3 of them do not sell to the public. Only in Braga you can find it on the local city bus station (TUB).

 

En Portugal existen 4 estaciones de recarga, pero 3 de ellas no venden al público.

Solo en la ciudad de Braga usted puede encontrarlo en la estación del colectivo local, (TUB).

 

 

In Bulgaria, there are 82 CNG refuelling stations as of June 2010. One can be found in most of Bulgaria's big towns [27] - there are quite a few in Sofia, Plovdiv and Stara Zagora, as well as in the cities on the Black Sea - Varna, Burgas, Nessebar and Kavarna. CNG vehicles are becoming more and more popular in the country. The fuel is used by most taxi drivers because of its much lower price compared to petrol. It is useful to know that CNG stations in Bulgaria operate with the Italian standard nozzle typical for Eastern Europe and not with the NGV1 nozzle used in Germany, Austria, France, Belgium and other European countries.

 

En Bulgaria, existen 82 estaciones de recarga de GNC a junio del 2010. Estas puede ser encontrada en la mayoría de las grandes ciudades (27), existen algunas en Sofía, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, tanbien en las ciudades sobre el mar Negro: Varna, Burgas, Nessebar y Kavarna. Los vehículos con GNC se están haciendo más y más populares en el país.

Este combustible es usado por la mayoría de los taxistas, debido a su precio má bajo comparado con la nafta. Es útil conocer que las estaciones de GNC en Bulgaria operan con los típicos picos estandar italianos para Europa de este y no con el pico NGV1 usado en Alemania, Austria, Francia, Belgica y otros paises europeos.

 

 

 

In Republic of Macedonia, there is one CNG station located in the capital Skopje, but it is not for public use. Only twenty buses of the local Public Transport Company have been fitted to use a mixture of diesel and CNG. The first commercial CNG station in Skopje is in the advanced stage of development and is expected to start operation in July of 2011.

 

 

In Serbia, there are 4 public CNG refuelling station in the capital Beograd and near the towns of Pan?evo, Kruševac and ?a?ak. Italian standard nozzle is used in all of them.

 

In Croatia, there is only one CNG station situated close to the center of Zagreb, Italian-type refuelling nozzle is used there as well.[28] At least 60 CNG buses are in use as a form of a public transport (Zagreb public transport services).

 

In Sweden there are currently 90 CNG filling stations available to the public (as compared to about 10 LPG filling stations), primarily located in the southern and western parts of the country as well the Mälardalen region[29] Another 70-80 CNG filling stations are under construction or in a late stage of planning (completions 2009-2010). Several of the planned filling stations are located in the northern parts of the country, which will greatly improve the infrastructure for CNG car users.[30] There are approx. 14,500 CNG vehicles in Sweden (2007), of which approx. 13,500 are passenger cars and the remainder includes buses and trucks.[31] In Stockholm, the public transportation company SL currently operates 50 CNG buses but have a capacity to operate 500.[32] The Swedish government recently prolonged its subsidies for the development of CNG filling stations, from 2009-12-31 to 2010-12-31.[33]

 

 

En Suecia existen actualmente 90 estaciones de llenado disponibles para el público,( comparadas con cerca de 10 estaciones de llenado de GLP), principalmente ubicadas en la parte sur y oeste del país. Otras 70-80 estaciones de recarga están en construcción o en el último estadio de planificación (terminandose en 2009-2010). Algunas de las estaciones planeadas están localizadas en la parte norte del país, lo cual puede mejorar la infraestructura para el usuario del GNC.

Existen aprox.14.500 usuarios de GNC en suecia(2007) de los cuales aprox. 13.500 son autos de pasajeros y los restantes incluyen colectivos y camiones.

En Estocolmo la compania de transporte público SL actualmente opera 50 colectivos a GNC, pero tiene la capacidad para operar con 500.

El gobierno sueco prolongo los subsidios para el desarrollo de estaciones de llenado de GNC, desde el 31-12-2009 hasta el 31-12-2010.

 

 

 

In Spain the EMT Madrid bus service use CNG motors in 351 regular buses. Is rare to see another kind of CNG vehicle, and there's no CNG refueling stations.

 

En España el servicio de colectivo EMT Madrid, usa motores a GNC en 351 colectivos regulares. Es raro ver otro tipo de vehículo a GNC, y no existen estaciones de recarga de GNC.

 

 

As of 2010, there are 25 public CNG filling stations in the Czech republic, mainly in the big cities.[34] Local bus manufacturers SOR Libchavy and Tedom produce CNG versions of their vehicles, with roof-mounted tanks.

 

[edit] North America

 

America del Norte

 

The Honda Civic GX is factory-built to run on CNG and it is available in several U.S. regional markets.

Buses powered with CNG are common in the United States.[edit] Canada

Canada is a large producer of natural gas, so it follows that CNG is used in Canada as an economical motor fuel. Canadian industry has developed CNG-fueled truck and bus engines, CNG-fueled transit buses, and light trucks and taxis. Both CNG and propane refueling stations are not difficult to find in major centres.

 

El Honda Civic GX sale de fábrica para funcinar con GNC y éste está disponible en algunos mercados regionales de USA.

Colectivos alimentados a GNC son comunes en USA.

Canada es un gran productor de gas natural, entonces el GNC es utilizado como un combustible económico para motor. La industria canadiense ha desarrollado motores de colectivo y camiones a GNC, tambien motores para camionetas y taxis.

Estaciones de recarga para ambos GNC y propano (LPG), se encuentra sin dificultad en los centros principales.

 

 

the cost of gasoline, as a rule of thumb, in much of California. Personal use of CNG is a small [edit]

United States of America

In the US, federal tax credits are available for buying a new CNG vehicle. Use of CNG varies from state to state, only 34 states have at least one CNG fueling site.[35] In California, CNG is used extensively in local city and county fleets, as well as public transportation (city/school buses), and there are 90 public fueling stations in Southern California alone. Compressed natural gas is available at 30-60% less than niche market currently, though with current tax incentives and a growing number of public fueling stations available, it is experiencing unprecedented growth. The state of Utah offers a subsidised statewide network of CNG filling stations at a rate of $0.85/gge,[36] while gasoline is above $4.00/gal. Elsewhere in the nation, retail prices average around $2.50/gge, with home refueling units compressing gas from residential gas lines for approx $1.50/gge. Other than aftermarket conversions, and government used vehicle auctions, the only currently produced CNG vehicle in the US is the Honda Civic GX sedan, which is made in limited numbers and available only in a few states.

 

An initiative, known as Pickens Plan, calls for the expansion of the use of CNG as a standard fuel for heavy vehicles has been recently started by oilman and entrepreneur T. Boone Pickens. California voters defeated Proposition 10 in the 2008 General Election by a significant (59.8% to 40.2%) margin. Proposition 10 was a $5 Billion bond measure that, among other things, would have given rebates to state residents that purchase CNG vehicles.

 

Congress has encouraged conversion of cars to CNG with a tax credits of up to 50% of the auto conversion cost and the CNG home filling station cost. However, while CNG is much cleaner fuel, the conversion requires a type certificate from the EPA. Meeting the requirements of a type certificate can cost up to $50,000.

 

 

En USA están disponibles créditos para la comprar un vehículo nuevo a GNC. El uso del GNC varía de estado a estado, solo 34 estados tienen por lo menos una lugar (sitio) de recarga. En California, el GNC es usado extensivamente enla flota local del estado, como tambien en en tranporte público,( cuidad colectivos escolares), y existen 90 estacione de recarga para el público en el sur de California solamente.

El GNC está disponible a 30-60% menos que el precio de la nafta, en la mayoría de California.

El uso personal del GNC es un pequeño nicho en el mercado actual, pero con los incentivos de impuestos y un creciente número de estaciones de recarga públicas disponibles, se está experimentando un crecimiento sin precedente.

Además de la conversión por kit fuera de fabrica y los vehículos usados que vende el gobierno, el único vehiculo de fábrica para GNC es el Honda Civic GX sedan, el cual está fabricado en cantidades limitadas y disponible solo en unos pocos estados.

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